高校毕业生就业困难群体帮扶策略研究

就业是民生之本,对困难群体毕业生就业进行帮扶是高校就业工作中的重要内容。文章对高校就业困难群体进行了界定,从主客观方面对其成因进行了分析,并从高校、政府、用人单位和就业困难群体自身角度提出了相应的就业帮扶策略。     

我国刑事法律援助制度的几个问题及完善——以国际刑事司法准则为视角

法律援助制度是法律程序公正的体现,通过实证考察法律援助的实施状况,从立法方面提出了法律援助范围过窄、可能判处死刑案件的援助阶段缺失以及实践中法律援助的责任主体不适当三个问题,继而研究国际刑事司法准则在这三个问题上设立的国际标准,通过比较提出对我国刑事法律援助制度改善的一些建议。     

论“发生灾害时人员保护”的国际法核心原则、要素

近年来,针对各种灾害可能导致的人权或人道主义灾难情形,联合国国际法委员会开始研究和编纂"发生灾害时的人员保护"的原则和规范。该领域的核心原则、要素主要是,主权国家是"发生灾害时的人员保护"的首要责任主体,受灾国在本国应对能力不足时负有寻求援助的责任,以及不任意拒绝外部援助的义务。在遵循主权、不干涉内政原则的基础上,国际社会的多元行为主体获得了参与治理的权利(责任)。当一国无能力或不愿意保护和援助其境内受灾害影响的人员时,国际社会可以依据《联合国宪章》等国际法所允许的程序和方式提供外部援助与保护。为更加有效地保护各种灾害威胁下的人民,需要在国内和国际层面建立和实施预防战略和机制。这些核心原则、要素为该领域的全球治理提供了原则指导和路径方法,并塑造了具体规范、机制等。     

全国民主基金会与美国民主援助

成立于里根政府时期的全国民主基金会属于冷战的产物,它虽然打着非政府组织的旗号,但其经费来源主要是美国国会拨款。无论是在冷战时期还是在后冷战时期,这个组织都是美国对外'民主援助'的主要机构。全国民主基金会主要通过四大核心机构在海外从事推进其所谓的民主活动,即国际私营企业中心、国际劳工团结美国中心、国际共和党研究所和全国民主党国际事务学会。另外,它也资助所谓'极权国家'或'半极权国家'内部推动民主化的非政府组织。全国民主基金会的'民主援助'活动具有强烈的意识形态色彩,在海外全面推进美国式民主是其主要目标;在非政府组织外衣的掩护下,它经常赤裸裸地干涉其他国家的内政;同时,作为一个半官方机构,它也紧密服务于美国的国家外交和安全战略     

经济帮助制度的思考

经济帮助制度对离婚时处于困境的当事人产生了积极的作用,但在适用过程中暴露出制度设计简单等诸多问题。从社会性别视角出发,通过中外相关制度的比较、借鉴,提出完善我国经济帮助制度的建议。     

美国军人教育资助体系研究及其对中国的启示

美国军人教育资助体系保障了美国现役和退伍军人可以获得一定数量的学费资助,不仅为军人安置问题提供了一条很好的解决途径,而且也对美国军队人才建设的良性循环起到了很大的推动作用。美国教育资助体系在资助方式、资助范围等方面灵活多样,对于中国军人在职教育和退伍军人职业重塑教育有着很现实的借鉴意义。     

Between Poor Relief and Human Capital Investments – Paradoxes in Hybrid Social Assistance

Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) are often being promoted for their simultaneous advantages of short‐term income protection and long‐term human capital investments. Yet, existing evaluations have largely failed to test the underlying programme theory, and few empirical case studies have explored inherent contradictions and ambiguous consequences of this hybrid approach. To further understand the programmes' social policy implications, this study identifies and analyzes such ambiguities and paradoxical consequences in the case of Uruguay's CCT‐programme, Asignaciones Familiares (AFAM). Drawing on qualitative data from interviews with beneficiaries and members of the commission who designed the programme, this study reveals major paradoxes in AFAM's design and implementation caused by various endogenous factors. Relevant to social policy in general, and CCT‐evaluations in particular, findings also indicate that the hybrid social assistance approach may have perverse effects on the programme's twin objectives.     

Intellectual disabilities,violent conflict and humanitarian assistance: advocacy of the forgotten

This article examines the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities in violent conflict who have been neglected in practice and academia. Such invisibility, combined with the disabling impact of society, their low priority, and the nature of their impairments, results in a disproportionately negative impact of conflict on people with intellectual disabilities. Drawing on a wide range of sources, including humanitarian workers, this article examines their experiences and analyses how much consideration has been given to people with intellectual disabilities in humanitarian assistance policy and practice in light of their increased need and vulnerability. Lack of awareness and recognition of their diverse experiences can result in their needs failing to be adequately met, which compounds their disproportionately negative experience of conflict. It is important to finally start paying attention in order to ensure their inclusion in humanitarian responses.     

EAP's:

By the end of 1990, 156,024 cases of AIDS had been reported throughout the United States (CDC, 1991). Perhaps even more devastating is that 100,813 individuals, 64.6% of the reported AIDS cases have died (CDC, 1991). The AIDS crisis has now found its way into most segments of our society. Women are now the fastest growing category of people with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (Stuntzner-Gibson, 1991). HIV disease is increasingly being identified with poor people, intravenous drug users and ethnic minorities (Honey, 1988; Macks, 1988).     

The Impact of Gender and Status in a University Setting on Importance of EAP Services

ABSTRACT

Employee groups vary in their perceptions of the importance of EAP services. Women value them more than men, and, in a university setting, office and service workers value EAP services more than do administration and faculty.